Rho — ρ Greek Letter Symbol
ρ
Rho — ρ / Ρ
17th letter of the Greek alphabet · pronounced /roʊ/
PhysicsEngineeringFluid MechanicsElectromagnetism
Copy symbol
ρ
Lowercase rho
Ρ
Uppercase Rho
Technical reference
| Unicode (lowercase) | U+03C1 |
| Unicode (uppercase) | U+03A1 |
| HTML entity | ρ |
| HTML decimal | ρ |
| LaTeX | \rho |
| Python / Unicode escape | \u03c1 |
| Alt code (Windows) | Alt + 961 |
Uses in science & engineering
Density
Mass per unit volume of a material or fluid. Fundamental in structural, fluid, and geotechnical engineering.
\(\rho = \frac{m}{V}\)
Electrical resistivity
Intrinsic property of a material describing how strongly it resists electric current.
\(R = \rho \frac{L}{A}\)
Correlation coefficient (statistics)
Pearson correlation coefficient measuring linear relationship between two variables.
\(\rho = \frac{\text{Cov}(X,Y)}{\sigma_X \sigma_Y}\)
Radius (cylindrical coordinates)
Radial distance from the axis in cylindrical coordinate systems.
\((\rho, \phi, z)\)
Charge density
Volume charge density: electric charge per unit volume.
\(\nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0}\)
Related symbols
How to insert in applications
Windows
Best option: copy from this page.
Or press Win + . to open emoji & symbols panel.
Alt codes work only in Word/Notepad with NumLock on and English layout — not in browsers.
Or press Win + . to open emoji & symbols panel.
Alt codes work only in Word/Notepad with NumLock on and English layout — not in browsers.
macOS
Press ⌃⌘Space → Character Viewer → search “rho”
Microsoft Word
Type 03c1 then press Alt+X
Google Docs
Insert → Special characters → search by name
Excel
Insert → Symbol → Subset: Greek → select symbol
LaTeX
Use in math mode: $ … $
Python
Use Unicode escape or chr()
HTML / CSS
Use HTML entity or decimal code